一、基础句型结构
主动宾结构 主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语
例:
- The cat (主语) eats (谓语) fish (宾语)
主系表结构
主语 + be动词 + 表语
例:
- The sky (主语) is (be动词) blue (表语)
二、时态与语态
一般现在时
- 表述事实:主语 + 动词原形/第三人称单数-s
例:
- The book (主语) reads (谓语) every day
- He (主语) likes (谓语) playing football
- 疑问句:助动词be提前
例:
- Does she (主语) call (谓语) you (宾语)?
现在进行时
- 表示正在进行的动作:
- 主语 + be动词(am/is/are)+ 现在分词(-ing)
例:
- They (主语) are (be动词) watching (现在分词) a movie
- 特殊疑问句:以疑问词(what/who/where等)开头
例:
- What (疑问词) are (be动词) you (主语) doing?
一般过去时
- 表示过去动作:
- 主语 + 动词过去式(was/were)
例:
- I (主语) visited (过去式) the museum (宾语) last week
- 否定句:be动词后加not
例:
- He (主语) did (谓语) not (助动词) finish (动词原形) the task
三、特殊句型
祈使句
- 表请求/命令:
- 动词原形开头,主语省略(you可省略)
例:
- Open (动词原形) the door (宾语)
- 否定祈使句:
- Don't/Never + 动词原形
例:
- Don't (助动词) smoke (动词原形) in public (宾语)
含情态动词的句子
- 表能力:
- can/can't + 动词原形
例:
- She (主语) can (情态动词) swim (动词原形)
- 表许可:
- may/may not + 动词原形
例:
- You (主语) may (情态动词) use (动词原形) my pen (宾语)
四、其他实用公式
be动词变形口诀
- I am, you are, he/she/it is
- We/they are
- 现在分词后接:
- be + v-ing
- 动词原形后接:
- do/does + 主语
名词复数变形口诀
- 一般规则加-s:
- cat → cats, book → books
- 特殊变化:
- 以s, x, ch, sh结尾加-es(help → helps)
- 以“辅音字母y”结尾变i加-es(city → cities)
- 数字几十几只变个位(thirty-two → thirty-two)
五、表达观点与描述
表达观点: I think/In my opinion/From my perspective... 例: - In my opinion, the movie was fantastic 描述事物
It is + 形容词 + to do
例:
- It is delicious (形容词) to eat sushi
最高级表达:
One of the + 形容词最高级 + 名词 + is
例:
- One of the tallest buildings in the city is