一、基本句型结构
主谓宾结构
The cat (主语) sat(谓语动词) on the mat (宾语).
*注:sat是过去分词作后置定语,修饰名词the cat*
主系表结构
The weather (主语) is(谓语动词) sunny(表语).
*注:is是系动词,连接主语与表语*
二、非谓语动词作定语
动词不定式作定语
The book to readon the shelf is mine.
*注:to read是不定式作后置定语,修饰名词the book*
现在分词作定语
The man sittingby the window is my friend.
*注:sitting是现在分词作后置定语,表示主动关系*
三、非谓语动词作状语
不定式作状语
She wants tolearn Spanish every day.
*注:to learn是不定式作目的状语,表示动作目的*
分词作状语
The movie being watchedstarted suddenly.
*注:being watched是现在分词的被动形式作后置定语,修饰名词the movie*
四、非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式作宾语
I decided tocall you last night.
*注:to call是不定式作动词decided的直接宾语*
动名词作宾语
He enjoysswimming in the ocean.
*注:swimming是动名词作动词enjoys的直接宾语*
五、复杂结构示例
分词短语作后置定语
The problem that liesat the heart of the issue is...
*注:that lies是分词短语作后置定语,修饰名词the problem*
不定式短语作主语
It to protectthe environment is everyone's responsibility.
*注:it是形式主语,真正主语为不定式短语to protect
注:非谓语动词(如不定式、现在分词、过去分词)在句子中可作定语、状语、宾语等成分,而谓语动词是句子的核心,表示动作或状态。通过合理运用非谓语动词,可使句子更加简洁流畅。