一、一般现在时被动语态
表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态。
结构:主语 + am/is/are + 过去分词
例句:
The book is written by John. (这本书是由约翰写的)
The company is managed by the CEO. (公司由CEO管理)
二、现在进行时被动语态
表示正在进行的动作或正在发生的事情。
结构:主语 + be动词(am/is/are) + being + 过去分词
例句:
The meeting is being held at 3 PM. (会议正在下午3点召开)
The problem is being solved by the team. (问题正在被团队解决)
三、现在完成时被动语态
表示过去发生的动作对现在产生影响或结果。
结构:主语 + have/has been + 过去分词
例句:
The movie has been shown many times. (这部电影已经放映了很多次)
The project has been completed. (项目已经完成)
四、过去时被动语态
表示过去发生的动作或状态。
结构:主语 + was/were + 过去分词
例句:
The letter was sent by her yesterday. (信件昨天被她寄出)
The cake was eaten by my sister. (蛋糕被我姐姐吃了)
五、过去完成时被动语态
表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作。
结构:主语 + had been + 过去分词
例句:
The letter had been delivered before the meeting started. (信件在会议开始前已送达)
补充说明
被动语态的构成:
通常由be动词(am/is/are/was/were)+ being/过去分词构成,例如:
- The task is being done. (任务正在被完成)
- The homework was done yesterday. (作业昨天被完成)
特殊用法:
- 完成进行时被动语态:be + being + 过去分词,如:
- The experiment has been being monitored. (实验一直被监测)
- 被动语态的省略:如:
- The cake is eatenby my sister. (省略了be动词)
以上类型覆盖了英语中常见的被动语态结构,可根据具体语境选择合适时态和表达方式。